For fields that show the Translatable turned on badge, you can add translations of the field value in the Messages [sys_ui_message] table.

Translations of ServiceNow AI Platform® User interface (UI) elements are stored in one of five tables, as described in Translation tables. When you see a field in the configuration panel of a dashboard element, and this field has the badge Translatable turned on, you can add translations of the field value in the Messages [sys_ui_message] table.

In the Messages table, records have a key, a language, and a message field. You set the key value equal to the original text. Then you select a language, and enter the translation in that language into the Message field. Only ServiceNow AI Platform admins can create and edit these records. For more information, see Translate a client script message.

Note: For more information about how keys are stored for translatable fields, see this ServiceNow Community blog post. This post also includes a prototype Localization Framework artifact that finds all translatable fields in all UI Builder components on an instance, including dashboard components.