Rules for access control lists (ACLs) restrict access to data
by requiring users to pass a set of requirements before they can interact with it.
Components of ACLs
All access control list rules specify:
The object and operation being secured
The permissions required to access the object
The object is the target to which access needs to be
controlled. Each object consists of a type and name that uniquely identifies a particular
table, field, or record.
For example, all these entries specify an object:
Type
Name
Object secured
record
[incident].[-- None --]
The Incident table.
record
[incident].[active]
The Active field in the Incident table.
REST_Endpoint
user_role_inheritance
The record for the user_role_inheritance Scripted REST API.
Each operation describes a valid action
the system can take on the specified object. Some objects, such as records, support multiple
operations, while other objects, such as a REST_Endpoint, only support one operation.
For example, all these entries specify an operation:
Type
Name
Operation
Operation secured
record
[incident].[-- None --]
create
Creating records in the Incident table.
record
[incident].[active]
write
Updating the Active field in the Incident table.
REST_Endpoint
user_role_inheritance
execute
Running the user_role_inheritance scripted REST API.
The
permissions specify when someone can access the named object and operation.
Security administrators can specify permission requirements by adding:
One or more user roles to the Requires role list.
One or more conditions.
A script that evaluates to true or false or sets the answer variable to
true or false.
To gain access to an object and operation, a user must pass all permissions listed in an
access control. For example, this access control restricts access to write operations on the
incident table.
To update a record in the incident table, a user must have the listed role and the record must
meet the condition.
Permission type
Requirement
Description
Requires role
Requires role : itilOnly allow users with the itil role to update incidents.
Condition
[Incident state] [is not] [Closed]
Only allow updates to active incident records.
ACL evaluation process
An ACL rule only grants a user access to an object if the user meets all of the permissions
required by the matching ACL rule.
The condition must evaluate to true .
The script must evaluate to true or return an answer variable with the
value of true .
The user must have one of the roles in the required roles list. If the list is empty, this
condition evaluates to true .
[Record ACL rules only] The matching table-level and field-level ACL rules must both
evaluate to true .
Figure 1. ACL evaluate permissions
Whenever a session requests data, the system searches for access control rules that match the
requested object and operation. If there is a matching access control rule, then the system
evaluates if the user has the permissions required to access the object and operation. If an
access control rule specifies more than one permission, then the user must meet all permissions
to gain access to the object and operation. Failing any one permission check prevents the user
from accessing the matching object and operation.
If a user does not meet the permissions of the first matching rule, the system evaluates the
permissions of the next matching access control rule as specified by the access control
processing order. If the user fails to meet the permissions of any matching access control rule,
the system denies access to the requested object and operation.
Note: If there are no matching
access control rules for the requested object and operation, then the system grants the user
access to it. In practice, it is rare for the system to find no matching rules because the
system has a set of default access control rules that protect all record operations.
The effects of being denied access to an object depend on the ACL rule that the user failed.
For example, failing a read operation ACL rule prevents the user from seeing the object.
Depending on the object secured, the ACL rule hides a field on a form, hides rows from a list,
or prevents a user from accessing a UI page. The following table contains complete list of
results of failing an ACL rule for a given operation and object type.
Operation
Results of failing an ACL rule on object
execute
User cannot execute scripts on a record or UI page.
create
User cannot see the New UI action from forms. The user also
cannot insert records into a table using API protocols such as web services.A
create ACL with a condition requiring that a field contain a
specific value always evaluates as false. Fields on new records are considered empty until
the record is saved.
read
User cannot see the object in forms or lists. The user also cannot retrieve records
using API protocols such as web services.
write
User sees a read-only field in forms and lists, and the user cannot update records
using API protocols such as web services.
delete
User cannot see the Delete UI action from forms. The user also
cannot remove records from a table using API protocols such as web services.
edit_task_relations
User cannot define relationships between task tables.
edit_ci_relations
User cannot define relationships between Configuration Item [cmdb_ci] tables.
save_as_template
Used to control the fields that should be saved when a template is created.
add_to_list
User cannot view or personalize specific columns in the list mechanic.
list_edit
User cannot update records (rows) from a list.
report_on
User cannot create a report on the ACL table. For more information, see Restrict report creation with an ACL
rule .
report_view
User cannot view the content of a report on the ACL table or on the ACL field. For
more information, see Restrict report creation with an ACL
rule .
personalize_choices
User cannot right-click a choice list field and select Configure
Choices .
ACL matching requirements for objects
Object Type
Matching ACL Rules Required to Access Object
Existing Wildcard ACL Rules
Client-callable script includes
Users must meet the permissions of two ACL rules:
All wildcard ACL rules for the object (if any ACL rule exists for the operation).
The first ACL rule that matches the object's name (if any ACL rule exists for the
operation).
By default, there are no wildcard (*) rules for these object types. If
you create a wildcard ACL rule for one of these objects, then the ACL rule applies to all
objects of this type.
Processors
UI pages
Users must meet the permissions of two ACL rules:
The first ACL rule that matches the record's field (if any ACL rule exists for the
operation).
The first ACL rule that matches the record's table (if any ACL rule exists for the
operation).
By default, there are wildcard table rules (*) for the create, read,
write, and delete operations and wildcard field rules (*.*) for the personalize_choices,
create, and save_as_template operations. When you create a new table, create new ACL rules
for the table unless you want to use the provided wildcard ACL rules.
Record
Note: The Security manager default behavior
(glide.sm.default_mode ) property determines whether users can access
objects that only match against wildcard table ACL rules. When this property is set to
Deny access , only administrators can access objects that match the wildcard
table ACL rules.
Note: The wildcard field ACL rule (*.*) for the create operation reuses the same
permissions as the write operation. This means that the create permissions are the same as the
write permissions unless you define an explicit create operation ACL rule.
Multiple ACL rules at the same point in the processing order
If two or more rules match at the same point in the processing order, the user must pass any
one of the ACL rules permissions to access the object. For example, if you create two field ACL
rules for incident.number , then a user who passes one rule has access to
the number field regardless of whether the user failed any other field ACL rule at the same
point in the processing order.
Required role
Normal admin users can view and debug access control rules. However, to create or update
existing access control rules, administrators must elevate privileges to the security_admin
role. See Elevate to a privileged role for
instructions.
ACL rules in scoped applications
You can create ACL rules for objects in the same scope as the ACL rule and for tables with at
least one field that is in the same scope as the ACL rule.
For
tables that are in a different scope than the ACL rule record, the types of rules are
limited.
You can create an ACL rule for any table, UI page, or other object that is in the same
scope as the ACL rule.
You can create an ACL for a field that is in the same scope as the ACL rule.
If the table is in the same scope, you can use a script to evaluate permissions.
If the table is in a different scope, you cannot use a script to evaluate
permissions.
You cannot create or modify ACL rules for objects that are in a different scope than the
application you have selected in the application picker, including adding a role to an ACL in
a different scope.
You can create wildcard table rules (*) only in the global scope.
You can create wildcard field rules (*) only for tables in the same scope as the ACL
rule.
